Oneness of Allah

Surah Al-A’la (chapter 87 of the Qur’an) was revealed in Makkah. The main themes of this Surah are:
a) Oneness of Allah
b) Life after death
c) Recommended deeds to achieve eternal success

SUMMARIZED INTERPRETATION OF SURAH AL-A’LA:  
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
[In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.]

SOME SUBLIME ATTRIBUTES OF ALLAH:

1) سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى
[Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High,]

2) الَّذِي خَلَقَ فَسَوَّىٰ
[Who has created (everything), and then proportioned it.]
This verse means Allah created everything and then He fashioned every creation in the best of forms. [Tafsir Ibn Kathir]

3) وَالَّذِي قَدَّرَ فَهَدَىٰ
[And Who has measured (preordainments for everything); and then guided (i.e. showed mankind the right as well as the wrong paths, and guided the animals to pasture).]
Allah has preordained everything with His Divine wisdom. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
“Verily, Allah ordained the measure of all creation fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth, and His Throne was over the water.” [Narrated by Muslim]

It is a fundamental part of Islamic belief that everything that happens in the universe happens by the will and decree of Allah and no one’s faith (Iman) is complete without this belief. The aspects of belief in Divine will and decree are:
a) Divine Knowledge: The knowledge of Allah encompasses all things and not a single atom in the heavens or on earth falls outside of His knowledge. Allah knew all of His creation before He created them. He knew what they would do by means of His ancient and eternal knowledge. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“It is Allah Who has created seven heavens and of the earth the like thereof (i.e. seven). His Command descends between them (heavens and earth), that you may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah surrounds all things in (His) Knowledge.” [Al Qur’an 65:12]

b) Divine Writing: Allah has written the decrees concerning all created beings in Al-Lauh Al-Mahfûz based on His foreknowledge. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Know you not that Allah knows all that is in the heaven and on the earth? Verily, it is (all) in the Book (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfûz). Verily, that is easy for Allah.” [Al Qur’an 22:70]

c) Divine Will: Everything that happens in the universe happens by the will of Allah, whatever Allah wills happens and whatever He does not will does not happen. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“You cannot will unless (it be) that Allah wills – the Lord of the ‘Alamîn (mankind, jinn and all that exists).” [Al Qur’an 81:29]

d) Creation: Allah is the Creator of all things, including people’s actions. Nothing happens in the universe but He is its Creator. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Allah has created you and what you make.” [Al Qur’an 37:96]
It is important to note that everyone has free will by means of which he acts, but his will and ability do not operate outside the will and decree of Allah, Who is the One Who has given him that ability and made him able to distinguish (between good and evil) and to make his choice.

4) وَالَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الْمَرْعَىٰ
[And Who brings out the pasturage (i.e. all types of vegetation and crops),]

5) فَجَعَلَهُ غُثَاءً أَحْوَىٰ
[And then makes it dark stubble.]
There is a parable of the transient nature of the life of this world in verses 4 and 5 of this Surah. The lifecycle of man consists of weakness in childhood, maturity in youth and then again weakness in the old age. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“It is He, Who has created you (Adam) from dust, then from a Nutfah [mixed drops of male and female sexual discharge (i.e. Adam's offspring)] then from a clot (a piece of coagulated blood), then brings you forth as an infant, then (makes you grow) to reach the age of full strength, and afterwards to be old (men and women) – though some among you die before – and that you reach an appointed term in order that you may understand.
It is He Who gives life and causes death. And when He decides upon a thing He says to it only: “Be!” – and it is.” [Al Qur’an 40:67-68]


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